Production of white unglazed clay bodies prior to painting − Kutani ware involves three major processes before completion: 1. Clay production 2. Body preparation 3. Overglaze decoration
Kutani ware is completed through these processes, and Miyasō handles the body preparation stage.
Forming − The process of shaping clay into figurines and vessels. Various shaping methods exist; at Miyasō, we use both “mold casting” and “slip casting” techniques.
“Hand-molding” refers to a shaping method where clay is manually packed into a mold. − Each part is molded individually, then hand-filled with clay, removed from the mold, and assembled into a single form. When bonding the parts, meticulous care must be taken during attachment, as otherwise cracks or firing defects may occur after firing. Some pieces are created by combining over 20 molded parts, resulting in intricate designs through the combination of various components. Because every step is done by hand, the inability to produce large quantities is also a characteristic of “okoshigata” (hand-molded) Kutani ware. Our company still possesses old hand-made molds dating from our founding in the Taisho era through the early Showa period. Using these molds, we collaborate with local artists to produce fine art and crafts, undertaking the challenge of creating Kutani ware that is both ancient and new.
Molding using a “slip-casting mold” is a method where liquid clay is poured into multiple identical molds. − By adjusting the moisture content of the clay and adding a small amount of a dispersing agent, the clay is transformed into a slurry (liquid clay). When this slurry is poured into a mold, the mold absorbs the moisture while simultaneously causing the clay particles to adhere to the mold walls, forming the shape. This allows for intricate designs. Similar to slip casting, some pieces combine multiple parts, enabling the production of diverse products like character goods that meet modern demands. The thickness of the clay wall varies depending on the casting time; longer casting times result in thicker walls. The speed and duration of pouring the clay must be adjusted based on the desired shape and size of the item, the time of year the work is being done, and weather conditions. Casting is a technique developed after the Showa era to improve productivity, characterized by enabling mass production through casting multiple items at once.
Drying and finishing − The partially dried clay is shaped by assembling parts, trimming the exterior, smoothing seams like rim finishes, and performing detailed finishing work. The drying time for the finished clay varies depending on its shape, size, the time of year, and weather conditions. It is dried slowly at room temperature, in the sun, or using a kiln. The dried clay is then sanded to further smooth the surface. A final inspection, known as the “kizumi” check, is performed to ensure there are no flaws before applying the glaze.
Unglazed ceramic − The finished clay is fired at 800–900 degrees Celsius in a process called bisque firing. This light firing hardens the clay, increasing its strength and making subsequent work easier. Firing time is 6–7 hours, and nowadays gas or electric kilns are used for firing.
Glazing − Glazing is the process of applying glaze—a liquid that transforms into a glassy coating when fired at high temperatures—to dried or bisque-fired clay. The work is done swiftly, dipping the piece briefly to ensure the glaze is applied evenly. Applying glaze and firing it prevents staining, while simultaneously sealing small pores to increase water resistance. It also smooths the surface of the clay body, imparts a glossy finish, and enhances durability.
Kiln-fired − Similar to bisque firing, this process is carried out in gas or electric kilns at a higher temperature than bisque firing, around 1300 degrees Celsius. Firing in the kiln involves precise temperature control based on the artisan's experience. The firing time is approximately 14 hours. Once firing is complete and the clay cools, the pieces are removed from the kiln. After the final firing, the vessel becomes hard and dense. The unglazed body appears white, while the glaze becomes transparent and develops a lustrous sheen. This stage is called the “white bisque” (shirakiji), marking the completion of the body-making process.
The clay used in Kutani ware is made from pottery stone (Hanasaka pottery stone) sourced from the Hanasaka Genseki Mountain in Hachiman, Komatsu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Most of the base material for figurines is produced in Hachiman. Remarkably, this pottery stone was discovered in the Hanasaka district of Komatsu City during the late Edo period. Quarrying continues to this day, supporting Kutani ware production continuously since the Edo era. The pottery stone is crushed and undergoes various processes to create the clay. A characteristic of Hanasaka pottery stone is its relatively high iron content, which gives the fired base a bluish, rich white finish. Through the development efforts of clay artisans, clays more suited to slip casting have also been created, with clays tailored to each forming method. Each production area often uses locally sourced clay, resulting in varied colors and textures. The charm lies in the wide range of expressions achievable with each clay—from gentle warmth to robust strength—through its unique hue and texture. Today, more artisans pursue new styles, creating increasingly diverse clay bodies that allow us to enjoy an ever-wider variety of pottery. Kutani ware figurines began incorporating Western techniques during the Meiji era, leading to the use of mold-pressing technology for production. By the Taisho era, products were also being made using plaster molds, marking the start of mass production for Kutani ware. Miyasou Ceramics possesses advanced techniques in base clay production. We possess numerous plaster molds created by highly skilled artisans from the Taisho and Showa eras. Even today, our prototype artisans inherit this technical expertise to create plaster molds and design figurine prototypes. The clay bodies crafted at Miyasou are then transported to the painters, where they are transformed into vibrantly colored Kutani ware. Kutani ware is meticulously produced through each stage by professional craftsmanship, with every step requiring the work of skilled artisans. − At Miyasou Pottery Studio, we accept orders for unglazed clay pieces starting from a single item. Sales are available by reservation only. Production and firing begin after your reservation is placed, so shipping will occur approximately two months later. For reservations or inquiries, please contact us via the “Contact Form” on this website. ※We are currently not holding exhibitions or sales at our gallery.